Racialized minorities, trust, and crisis: Muslim-American nonprofits, their leadership and government relations during COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects already-vulnerable minorities, highlighting the need for strong, trusting relationships between governments and minority nonprofits for everyone's benefit. The current scholarship suggests minority members often lack trust in government. This study contributes to the field by examining trust levels Muslim-American nonprofits have for federal, state, and local government. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of Muslim nonprofit leaders believe that they may be discriminated against in the award of CARES Act funding, but on racial rather than religious ones. Moreover, partisanship affects trust levels. Muslim nonprofits in Republican "red" states show less trust in government compared with those in Democratic "blue" states. This study finds evidence that past relationships with the government strengthen trust. Past awards of government grants correlated positively with higher trust at both federal and local levels.

Formation of atomically ordered and chemically selective Si-O-Ti monolayer on Si0.5Ge0.5(110) for a MIS structure via H2O2(g) functionalization.

Si0.5Ge0.5(110) surfaces were passivated and functionalized using atomic H, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and either tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium (TDMAT) or titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and studied in situ with multiple spectroscopic techniques. To passivate the dangling bonds, atomic H and H2O2(g) were utilized and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) demonstrated unpinning of the surface Fermi level. The H2O2(g) could also be used to functionalize the surface for metal atomic layer deposition. After subsequent TDMAT or TiCl4 dosing followed by a post-deposition annealing, scanning tunneling microscopy demonstrated that a thermally stable and well-ordered monolayer of TiOx was deposited on Si0.5Ge0.5(110), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified that the interfaces only contained Si-O-Ti bonds and a complete absence of GeOx. STS measurements confirmed a TiOx monolayer without mid-gap and conduction band edge states, which should be an ideal ultrathin insulating layer in a metal-insulator-semiconductor structure. Regardless of the Ti precursors, the final Ti density and electronic structure were identical since the Ti bonding is limited by the high coordination of Ti to O.